Lesson 22: Teacher Guide & Master Solutions

Syntactic Expansion • The Cascading Plural: Replacing singular third-person pronouns (he, she, it) with plural they requires three coordinated grammatical adjustments: (1) Verb concordance: is → are, was → were, has → have, and dropping the 3rd person singular -s (roars → roar); (2) Predicate noun pluralization: a member → members, a merchant → merchants, a bird of prey → birds of prey; (3) Question inversion maintenance: Preserving auxiliary-subject order in questions (Are they...? Have they...?).

Section A: Master Transformation Key (10 Sentences):
1. He is in school. → They are in school. (is → are).
2. She is a member of our class. → They are members of our class. (is → are, a member → members).
3. Is he a merchant? → Are they merchants? (Is → Are, a merchant → merchants, keeps ?).
4. Has she a new book? → Have they new books? (or Have they a new book?; Has → Have, keeps ?).
5. It roars like a lion. → They roar like lions. (or They roar like a lion.; roars → roar).
6. He was very studious. → They were very studious. (was → were).
7. Is it a bird of prey? → Are they birds of prey? (Is → Are, a bird → birds, keeps ?).
8. She was in Boston last summer. → They were in Boston last summer. (was → were).
9. Has he been to Newport? → Have they been to Newport? (Has → Have, keeps ?).
10. Has she seen the swan? → Have they seen the swan? (Has → Have, keeps ?).

Linguistic Analysis & Diagnostic Points:
• Compound Pluralization in Predicates: Note #7 bird of prey pluralizes the head noun: birds of prey (never *bird of preys).
• Simile Pluralization: In #5, both They roar like lions and They roar like a lion are idiomatic; accept either.
• Punctuation Integrity: Sentences #3, #4, #7, #9, and #10 are interrogatives and must retain their question marks.