Lesson 20: Teacher Guide & Master Solutions
Demonstratives • "That" to "Those" Concord
The Grammatical Web of Plural Demonstratives:
Lesson 20 reinforces distal demonstratives (that / those) while providing rigorous practice in English plural noun morphology. Notice the rich variety of plural formations: Germanic -en mutation (ox → oxen), dental fricative voicing (loaf → loaves, knife → knives), vowel mutations (mouse → mice), and -es endings on vowel -o (potato → potatoes, tomato → tomatoes) and sibilants (church → churches).
Section A: Master Transformation Key (8 Sentences):
1. That ox has horns. → Those oxen have horns. (ox → oxen, has → have).
2. Hand me that loaf. → Hand me those loaves. (loaf → loaves; imperative verb unchanged).
3. That knife has blades. → Those knives have blades. (knife → knives, has → have).
4. Where is that potato? → Where are those potatoes? (is → are, potato → potatoes, keeps ?).
5. That church is beautiful. → Those churches are beautiful. (church → churches, is → are).
6. Has that mouse bright eyes? → Have those mice bright eyes? (Has → Have, mouse → mice, keeps ?).
7. Where was that house with large windows? → Where were those houses with large windows? (was → were, house → houses, keeps ?).
8. Was that tomato in the garden? → Were those tomatoes in the garden? (Was → Were, tomato → tomatoes, keeps ?).
Key Morphological Patterns to Reinforce:
• F/Fe to Ves: loaf → loaves | knife → knives.
• O ending to -es: potato → potatoes | tomato → tomatoes.
• Archaic & Mutation Plurals: ox → oxen | mouse → mice.
• Interrogative Inversion: Ensure students preserve question word order and end with a question mark.
| Evaluation Criterion |
Exemplary (4) |
Proficient (3) |
Developing (1-2) |
| Demonstrative Shift |
Accurately converts that to those in all 8 sentences. |
Converts that to those in 7 of 8 sentences. |
Leaves that unchanged or confuses with these. |
| Plural Noun Formation |
Mastery of all irregular plurals (oxen, loaves, knives, mice, potatoes, tomatoes). |
1-2 minor spelling slips in irregular nouns (e.g., *potatos or *mouses). |
Frequent errors in irregular plural noun formation. |
| Verb Agreement & Inversion |
All verbs correctly converted (have, are, were, Have, Were). |
1 verb agreement slip in statement or question. |
Fails to adjust auxiliary verbs to match plural subjects. |
| Mechanics & Handwriting |
Correct initial capitals, question marks retained on #4, #6, #7, #8. |
1 punctuation slip; handwriting remains clear and legible. |
Missing punctuation marks; careless penmanship. |